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Chiwoniso Maraire
Chiwoniso Maraire (5 March 1976 – 24 July 2013) was a Zimbabwean singer, songwriter, and exponent of Zimbabwean mbira music. She was the daughter of Zimbabwean Mbira Master and teacher Dumisani Maraire〔 (and former officer in the Zimbabwe Ministry of Sports and Culture in the early 1980s).〔(Ropafadzi Mapimhidze, "Multimedia: A tribute to Chiwoniso Maraire", ) ''NewsDay'', 26 July 2013.〕 Describing the mbira, an instrument traditionally used by male musicians,〔(Robin Denselow, "Chiwoniso obituary", ''The Guardian'' ), 26 July 2013.〕 she said, "() is like a large xylophone. It is everywhere in Africa under different names: sanza, kalimba, etc. For us in Zimbabwe it is the name for many string instruments. There are many kinds of mbiras. The one that I play is called the ''nyunga nyunga'', which means sparkle-sparkle."〔(Nouveau Africana )〕
==Biography==
Born in 1976 in Olympia, Washington, where her father had moved his family, ''The song bird'' spent the first seven years of her life on the US. When she moved back to Zimbabwe she attended Mutare Girls' High School and took evening classes at the University of Zimbabwe, where her father was teaching.〔(Innocent Ruwende, "Chiwoniso Maraire Dies", ) ''The Herald'' (Zimbabwe), 24 July 2013, AllAfrica.〕
In the early 1990s, when she was 15, she formed part of Afro-fusion hip-hop trio A Peace of Ebony, which "was perhaps the first group to fuse mbira with contemporary beats".〔(Jason Moyo, "Chiwoniso Maraire: The mbira falls silent", ''Mail & Guardian'' ), 27 July 2013.〕 In 1996, she joined The Storm, a band led by guitarist Andy Brown (who later became her husband): "The Storm became one of Zimbabwe’s biggest bands, touring the world and winning accolades.... Maraire’s firm voice and Brown’s plucky guitar made a beautiful combination."〔
Chiwoniso fronted her acoustic group Chiwoniso & Vibe Culture for several years. Her first album, ''Ancient Voices'', was released to international acclaim in 1995〔("A life to celebrate: Chiwoniso Maraire (1976 – 2013)", ) ''Harare News'', 25 July 2013.〕 and she went on to record three more albums:''Timeless'' (2004), ''Hupenyu Kumusha, Life at Home, Impilo Ekhaya. The Collaboration: Volume 1'' (2006), and ''Rebel Woman'' (2008). From 2001 to 2004, she was also a core member of the multinational all-women band Women's Voice, whose original members hailed from Norway, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, America, Israel and Algeria.〔 Chiwoniso also starred in film, having worked on the soundtracks for movies and documentaries by an array of Zimbabwean writers and film producers in the last ten years.〔(Chiwoniso Official Website. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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